Completed Projects

The DPRU’s suite of completed research projects ranges from multi-country collaboration on minimum wages and enforcement, to the efficiency and effectiveness of the economy’s dispute resolution system and the role of bargaining councils in the labour market. The resulting body of new and innovative policy work has arguably made significant advances in our understandings of the South African labour market.

Towards Resilient Futures Community of Practice: Developing a Fibre Micro-industry to Generate Economic Growth from Degraded Land

Improving the consequences of mining as a case study for diversifying economy in the current legal framework.

Fibre plants such as bamboo can be used to transform degraded land into a restorative agricultural sector and a dynamic manufacturing sector, which provides employment opportunities, inclusive socio-economic growth and poverty reduction in mining communities beyond the life-of-mine. The aim of this multi-disciplinary project is to determine through a Community of Practice whether fibre-rich biomass, including bamboo, can be used to remediate degraded land in a way that is economically feasible, leading to enhanced economic complexity, the establishment of a bamboo micro-industry, and crucially, higher value-add in output and job creation. Read more

For more information visit www.resilientfutures.uct.ac.za

Building Economic Complexity in Africa: Laying the Foundation for Expanding Economic Opportunities for Women and Youth in Africa

Ongoing work here is principally structured around a recent grant received to undertake a two-year research project on the pursuit of Structural Change in Africa. The work is globally innovative in that we will use the new tools of economic complexity and product space analysis, to provide concrete policy options that enable African economies move from low productivity to high productivity-high growth sectors in a bid to generate broad-based employment opportunities. The project will have two core objectives. Firstly, to measure the degree and extent of economic complexity and hence the level of economic development in a set of key African economies in the region. Secondly, based on a sample of African countries and through the use of firm surveys, to undertake a detailed product space analysis of each economy. This analysis will map country product spaces and will try to carefully link these to nearby product opportunities, focused on an expansion in growth opportunities, into those products where the economic returns for young people and women are maximised.Read more

Funder: The International Development Research Centre (IDRC)

Project Outputs:

Papers expected in early 2019.

Events include: Inception Workshop; Authors' Drafts Workshop; KIPPRA Roundtable; etc.

National Transfer Accounts: The Case of South Africa

Shaping social protection in Africa: Estimates of National Transfer Accounts for South Africa. Funder:The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) through the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC).

Project Outputs: 1. Project report: Maximising South Africa's Demographic Dividend.

Current NTA project: Funder: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

2a. Working Paper 13/157: Maximising South Africa's Demographic Dividend
2b. Country Report: Capturing South Africa’s Demographic Dividend
3. Bonus or Mirage? South Africa's Demographic Dividend, The Journal of the Economics of Ageing
4. Is low fertility really a problem? Population aging, dependency, and consumption, Science 346, 229 (2014)

Gender Analysis of the Department of Trade and Industry Services and Funding Processes

The Department of Women commissioned the DPRU to determine the extent to which women access and benefit from the services offered by the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti). A fieldwork exercise will involve interviews with previous participants of various dti incentives in order to determine the impact of additional funding or support on various pre-determined outcomes. Outputs: Expected early/mid 2020.

Counting Women's Work (CWW)

The Counting Women’s Work (CWW) project is a three-year research project (2014-2016) involving research teams from around the world, with the goal of bringing the economic lives of women and girls into view in a more comprehensive manner than ever before. Our work will provide data and analysis to help develop better policies around economic development, care for children and the elderly, investments in human capital, and gender equity in the workplace and the home. Funder: The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the International Development Research Centre For more information visit www.countingwomenswork.org

Income Inequality Trends in sub-Saharan Africa: Divergence, Determinants, and Consequences

A groundbreaking United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), this study provides policy guidance to reduce income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) underscore the need to address broad inequalities in their quest to ‘leave no-one behind.’ UNDP's Regional Bureau for Africa asserts that inequality levels, trends,determinants and consequences must be analyzed closely – producing a holistic policy approach which matches the integrated and indivisible nature of the 2030 agenda. It is only through addressing the challenge of inequality that progress towards achieving poverty reduction, to be specific, and the SDGs in general, can be accelerated.

Funder: UNDP RBA

Project Outputs:

Book: Bhorat, H., Conceição, P., Cornia, G.A., and Odusola, A. (2017). Income Inequality Trends in sub-Saharan Africa: Divergence, determinants and consequences. UNDP, New York. ISBN 978-92-1-126424-1

Chapter 1: Introduction, Motivation and Overview (by Bhorat, H., Conceição, P., Cornia, G.A., and Odusola, A.)

Chapter 5: Understanding the Determinants of Africa’s Manufacturing Malaise (by Bhorat, H., Steenkamp, F. and Rooney, C.)

Chapter 6: Resource Dependence and Inequality in Africa: Impacts, Consequences and Potential Solutions (by Bhorat, H., Chelwa, G., Naidoo, K., and Stanwix, B.)

Chapter 8: Social Protection and Inequality in Africa (by Bhorat, H., Cassim, A., Ewinyu, A. and Steenkamp, F.)

Chapter 17: Conclusions and Policy Recommendations (by Bhorat, H., Conceição, P., Cornia, G.A., and Odusola, A.)

Presentations: Africa Economics Seminar Series – World Bank Africa Chief Economist’s Office (Washington DC, 14th November 2017) and Global Scholar Seminar Series – Brookings Institution (Washington DC, 15th November 2017)

Year Completed: 2018

The 4th Industrial Revolution

Rapid technological advances in robotics, artificial intelligence and machine learning threaten many jobs, especially those in low-skilled sectors. In order to appropriately mitigate potential employment losses as a result of rapid technological advances (often referred to as the 4th Industrial Revolution), a greater understanding of the extent of the risks posed to employment by adoption of new technologies is required. The DPRU embarked on research with a key focus of understanding the implications of the 4th Industrial Revolution for employment in South Africa; Evaluating the opportunities and risks of the 4th Industrial Revolution; and examining the number of jobs at risk of automation in middle-income countries; and in South Africa.

Project Outputs: Papers expected 2019

Year Completed: 2018

Labour Regulation in South Africa – Strike Activity and Minimum Wages

The project is focused on two interlinked labour market issues in the South African economy, namely that of the size, shape and consequence of strike activity in the South African economy, and secondly, the economic consequences of sectoral minimum wage laws and the extent of minimum wage violation. This first component hopes to inject a more objective and informative understanding around the nature of strikes and strike activity in South Africa. In terms of the second component of the research agenda, three core areas arise: Firstly, the project will describe and estimate the medium- to longer-run effects of South Africa’s minimum wage laws. Secondly, using a new technique for measuring minimum wage violation, the researchers hope to examine the evolution of minimum wage violation, particularly in relation to minimum wage adjustments over time. Finally, an area surprisingly overlooked in this literature, is that focusing on the impact of minimum wage legislation on household poverty levels.

Funder: The Nelson Mandela Inititative

Project Outputs: Papers expected in 2019.

Strategies to Overcome Poverty and Inequality” workshop posters

Low Income Countries (LIC) in SubSaharan Africa

The paucity of LIC labour market data, its varying quality, and the lack of baseline information makes it essential to provide a broad descriptive and basic econometric overview of a sample of LIC labour markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, we developed a series of papers that focus on a sample of four African LICs: Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and Tanzania, describing and profiling their labour market in a systematic and consistent way.

Research Project on Employment, Income Distribution and Inclusive Growth

REDI 3x3: The DPRU is responsible for the Inclusive Growth theme, and we are involved in an infrastructure data project (related to the income and expenditure surveys), and papers covering the informal economy, and risk mitigation through micro-insurance, asset poverty and other gaps in current research.

Funder: National Treasury through SALDRU

Project Outputs: Bhorat, H. and Naidoo, K. (2017). Exploring the relationship between crime-related business insurance and informal firms’ performance: a South African case study. REDI3x3 Working paper #25; February 2017.

Year Completed: 2016

Africa Growth Initiative: Macro Project Phase 2: Exchange Rates, Employment and Earnings

The Real Exchange Rate and Sectorial Employment in South Africa.

Funder: The African Growth Initiative (AGI) at the Brookings Institution

Project Outputs: Working Paper 201404

Year Completed: 2014

Africa Growth Initiative 3: Inflation inequality in South Africa

Understanding differences across households and through inflation cycles.

Funder: The African Growth Initiative (AGI) at the Brookings Institution

Project Output: Working Paper 13/158

Year Completed: 2013

Africa Growth Initiative 2: Analysis of the claims on the UIF

Unemployment Insurance in South Africa: A Descriptive Overview of Claimants and Claims, and the Newly Unemployed and the UIF Take-up Rate in the South African Labour Market.

Funder: The African Growth Initiative (AGI) at the Brookings Institution

Project Output: a. Africa Growth Initiative Working Paper 8

Project Output: b. Working Paper 12/147

Year Completed: 2013

Africa Growth Initiative 1: Do Industrial Disputes Reduce Employment? Evidence from South Africa

Measuring employment protection as a function of the quantity and efficiency parameters of the country’s dispute resolution body – the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA).

Funder: The African Growth Initiative (AGI) at the Brookings Institution

Project Output: Africa Growth Initiative Working Paper 6

Year Completed: 2013

EPP: South African Jobs Losses during the Global Recession

The research is structured as an overview of both international and local labour market changes during the global recession.

Funder: The Employment Promotion Programme (EPP)

Project Output: Project Report

Year Completed: 2013

EPP: Community Work Programme

The CWP is a government intervention that provides a basic level of income security through part-time work in communities with high unemployment levels. Government aims to scale up CWP to meet a target of 1 million job opportunities by March 2014.

Funder: The Employment Promotion Programme (EPP)

Project Output: Project Report

Year Completed: 2013

Employment Promotion Programme (EPP) Phase Three: FACTSHEETS

Monitoring the Performance of the South African Labour Market.

Funder: The Employment Promotion Programme (EPP)

Project Output: Factsheets

Year Completed: 2013

Minimum wage legislation, enforcement and labour outcomes: Argentina, Costa Rice and South Africa

Understanding and measuring the enforcement of minimum wage laws: the case of SA.

Funder: International Development Research Centre (IDRC)

Project Output: a. Working Paper 12/149

Project Output: b. Journal Article

Project Output: c. Journal Article

Project Output: d. Policy Brief 13/29

Project Output: e. Journal Article

Year Completed: 2013

The Enforcement of Minimum Wage Laws: The Case of Bargaining Councils in South Africa

Institutional Wage Effects: Revisiting Union and Bargaining Council Wage Premia in South Africa.

Funder: International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Project Output: a. Journal Article

Project Output: b. Journal Article

Year Completed: 2012

Municipal Economic Review & Outlook (MERO)

The MERO report is a high profile Provincial Treasury project. The MERO aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent economic performance of and outlook for the Western Cape economy at District / Municipal level. As such it should be viewed as a companion study to its provincial counterpart, the Provincial Economic Review and Outlook (PERO), whilst it also complements and reinforces several other recent studies that have analysed the district and municipal economies within the Western Cape Province. The Province hires the DPRU economist team to model data, that is not publically available, contributing to the Labour Market section of the report.

Funder: Provincial Government of the Western Cape: Treasury

Project Outputs:

Provincial Economic Review & Outlook (PERO)

Annual research report which provides an objective review and analysis of past and estimated future economic growth and socio-economic development of the Western Cape. The DPRU has been involved in the PERO publication since 2005, and has annually contributed a chapter on the provincial labour market.

Funder: Provincial Government of the Western Cape: Treasury

Project Outputs:

Low Paid Work in South Africa

This research focuses specifically on low pay among workers in wage employment over the period 2001 to 2007.

Funder: ILO (the ILO's Conditions of Work and Employment Programme)

Project Output: a. Journal Article

Year Completed: 2012

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